Intangible Asset Accounting and Accounting Policy...

INTANGIBLE ASSET ACCOUNTING AND ACCOUNTING POLICY SELECTION IN THE FOOTBALL INDUSTRY by NICHOLAS ROWBOTTOM A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Commerce and Social Science of The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Accounting and Finance School of Business Faculty of Commerce and Social Science The University of Birmingham July 1998 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made†¦show more content†¦icies in the Football Industry 5.1 Accounting for Player Registrations and Transfer Fees 5.2 Accounting for Signing-on Fees 5.3 Capital Grants 5.4 Depreciation of Stadia 106 6 Theoretical Framework for Studying the Selection of Accounting Policy Choice 6.1 Theories of Accounting Policy Choice 6.2 Explanatory Variables 6.3 Statement of Hypothesis 138 7 Methods of Data Collection and Analysis 7.1 Sampling 7.2 Bank Questionnaire 7.3 Football Club Questionnaire 7.4 Variable Construction 7.5 Model Specification 7.6 Parameter Estimation 7.7 Sensitivity Analysis 168 8 Test Results and Interpretation 8.1 Underwriter Pressure Hypothesis 8.2 Debt Contracting Cost Hypothesis 8.3 Youth Development Hypothesis 8.4 Ownership Structure Hypothesis 8.5 Normative Influence Hypothesis 8.6 Political Cost Hypothesis 222 9 The Feasibility of Intangible Asset Accounting in the Football Industry 253 9.1 Transfer Fee Accounting 9.2 The Measurement of Player Registrations 9.3 Valuation Model for Player Registrations 9.4 Conclusions Conclusions Appendix 1 A1.1 Bank Questionnaire Cover Letter A1.2 Bank Questionnaire 292 300 Appendix 2 A2.1 Club Questionnaire Cover Letter A2.2 Football Club Questionnaire 305 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 A7.1 Multicollinearity A7.2 Model Assumptions 312 321 322 323 328 Bibliography 332 INTRODUCTION One of the main aims of this thesis is to evaluate the feasibility ofShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Accounting8122 Words   |  33 PagesJournal of International Business and Cultural Studies Human resource accounting and international developments: implications for measurement of human capital Maria L. 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Dracula Barrier of Sanity vs. Insanity Essay - 1738 Words

Dracula Essay Rough Copy The setting of Bram Stoker’s Dracula is in the late nineteenth-century London, where the flourishing of technology is replacing people’s belief of the old superstitious ways. The characters in this novel experience contacts with the supernatural beings that is unable to be proven even by the most advanced technology at the time, which leads them to doubt their own sanity. However, the progression of the novel proves that peace is restored into the characters’ lives after their doubts and confusions about what is reality and who is really mad. Ultimately, the categorization of the sane against the mad is unnecessary since the distinguishing factors shown in the novel are ambiguous. Subsequently, no characters can†¦show more content†¦Lastly, the character Van Helsing, who is the wisest among the pack of friends, also â€Å"[gives] away to a regular fit of hysterics† (Stoker 186) when staying calm and logical is not satisfying enough to express his current situation. If even the wisest man can act unstable, then it shows that the average, sane, citizens habiting in Britain can also lose self-control, and act insane at times. At the same time, the less mentally stable characters are able to demonstrate philosophical thoughts and reasoning, very similar to the other educated and non-institutionalized characters. This is most notable for the character Renfield, who is a patient at the mental asylum operated by Jack Seward. Renfield is able to speak with proper reasoning when he chooses to, and descriptions regarding Renfield often results in the use of paradox or other forms of contrast. When Renfield feels there is the need, he will engage in proper conversations regarding theories and historical allusions. During the time that he is persuading his doctor, Seward, to release him from the asylum because he feels that he is a endangering them, he uses proper persuasive strategy to express his goal. He first recognizes that his target audience is not Seward alone, since his friends Morris, Lord Godalming, and Van Helsing are also present. He immediate decides to appeal to his audiences’ pathos by praising their honour and

Sustainable Report on the School House China-myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theSustainable Report on the School House China. Answer: Introduction The following report has been prepared to study the sustainability features of the School House China, one of the most famous restaurants of China situated in the Mutianyu village. The schoolhouse has now grown in stature and has turned into a comprehensive dining and lodging destination for a large number of domestic as well as foreign guests from a large number of different countries across the world (Wijesinghe 2014). Sustainability is thus one of the major features that must be undertaken by the restaurant to survive in the long run and attract more customers with new innovational features. The following study has been divided into a number of small parts. The introductory part is followed by a brief but compact overview of China followed by the organizational history and sustainable development features of the organization. The report has also included the SH Framework within it to make it more precise in nature. The report ends with the measurement of results which helps to det ermine the methods to be adopted by the organization to sustain them in the hospitality sector. Brief Overview of China China is one of the largest countries of the world in terms of area and the largest in terms of human population. The country is also one of the fastest growing economies of the world and sustainability thus is a major concern for the country. (Bruns-Smith et al. 2015). Sustainability is a major concern for the country because of the underlying problems within the country that includes the likes of air pollution, toxic chemical and manufacturing plants and many more as such. Environmental regulations in China are controlled by the, Ministry of Environmental Protection of the Peoples Republic of China. The main environmental policies include the Air Pollution Control Law, which have been implemented to control air pollution. The successful implementation of the rural and urban planning is totally based on the recognition of the interdependence of the different parties involved. A shared effort where all the different people can effectively participate in the process and lead the chang e will help in achieving success. Though the country has been working towards the improvement in the current situation more efforts must be given to increase the sustainability of the country and in turn increase the sustainability of the hospitality sector. The school has been a regular source of income for the local people and it also helps to empower women. The training provided to the employees of the organization helps them to deal with the people in a proper manner. Overview of the Case Study Schoolhouse China is one of the greatest achievements of effective and innovative thinking that has resulted in the creation of such a beautiful concept. The Schoolhouse collection of restaurants and residences are the result of one man and his teams realization about the hunger for such kind of a development model. The team has been preserving the original buildings and has turned these buildings into modern hotels and restaurants. The hotels are designed in the latest possible ways to stay sustainable in the market and attract more and more customers. The rooms have solar heating, thermal window panes and LED lights which are surely the most sustainable concepts. Apart from this the food delivered to the customers are mainly cultivated in the fields which helps to create a green concept to the total service. Thus the particular organization has all the necessary properties to be both environmentally and economically sustainable in the future. (Bruns-Smith et al. 2015). Initiatives within the SH Framework The modern days has seen a certain shift in the paradigm on how the different organizations approach towards environmental sustainability. A strong focus on energy, waste and use of water is directly linked with the financial rewards for the smooth operation of the hoteliers. The success of the following business has been helpful for the different aspects of the framework. The sociological viewpoint allows people to characterize the particular demands of the tourist activities and help in hospitality management and in mutual exchange and relationship. The more the management can socialize the more it will lead itself to sustainability. The economic impact of the Schoolhouse China is also one of the major things to discuss as because the establishment of the hotels and restaurants has changed the economy of the place. The people are self reliant and the economy of the place comprises mainly of the hospitality business. The business of the hotel helps to contribute both the economic, s ocial and environmental development for the local place. Achievements The tourism and hospitality industry in Mutianyu village is the sole source of economy for the given area. The sustainable tourism activities of the organization is the latest trend that aims to create a proper and effective balance in between the three dimensions of tourism development which are the environmental, social and economic aspects. . (Bruns-Smith et al. 2015) The sustainability measures of the organization will help in the reduction of the usage of environmental resources, conserving natural heritage and maintain the ecological chain and also to promote sustainable and green tourism. As mentioned earlier the innovative concepts like food from the garden and solar panels and LED lights are one of the biggest achievements of the particular organization to promote green sustainability in the area. Measurement of the Results Sustainability often defines the goals of the business, profits of the organization and many other parameters as such. However there are certain measures that help the organization to easily calculate the different types of sustainability measures taken by them. The management of the organization uses the triple bottom line framework to calculate the sustainability of the following organization. Apart from the measurement of the earlier elements like profits, return on investment and value of the shareholders the following framework also measures the environmental and social dimensions of Schoolhouse China (Huang and Yin, 2015). The following tool helps the organization to provide an accurate accounting database to attain sustainability. Critical Analysis According to. Aragon-Correa et al. (2015)the use of the different innovative strategies like providing the guests with fresh foods, polished and innovative rooms that uses renewable energy is certainly a great job. However argues that the organization needs to implement some more innovative ways to improve the current situation (Perez and del Bosque, 2014). The following case study on the sustainable practices of Schoolhouse in China clearly depicts that sustainable goals of the organization can be achieved only when there is proper coordination between all the different persons involved in the organization starting from employees to shareholders and even the customers of the business. As suggested by the organization creates or maintains an effective balance between all the three aspects including social, economical and environmental. Conclusion The report on sustainability within the hospitality industry is one of the most trending issues of the modern world. The report on Schoolhouse China has thrown light on the sustainability practices practiced both in China as well as the organization itself. The amazing transformation from a closed school to one of the most visited places in China shows the ability of the people to attract more customers under their fold. The inclusion of the critical perspectives of the following study increases its scope and will certainly open up a new way in the study of the sustainability reports of the organization. Reference List Aragon-Correa, J.A., Martin-Tapia, I. and de la Torre-Ruiz, J., 2015. Sustainability issues and hospitality and tourism firms strategies: Analytical review and future directions.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), pp.498-522 Bruns-Smith, A., Choy, V., Chong Ph D, H. and Verma Ph D, R., 2015. Environmental sustainability in the hospitality industry: Best practices, guest participation, and customer satisfaction Huang, H. and Yin, L., 2015. Creating sustainable urban built environments: An application of hedonic house price models in Wuhan, China.Journal of Housing and the Built Environment,30(2), pp.219-235. Jones, P., Hillier, D. and Comfort, D., 2016. Sustainability in the hospitality industry: Some personal reflections on corporate challenges and research agendas.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(1), pp.36-67. Perez, A. and del Bosque, I.R., 2014. Sustainable development and stakeholder relations management: Exploring sustainability reporting in the hospitality industry from a SD-SRM approach.International Journal of Hospitality Management,42, pp.174-187. (Perez and del Bosque, 2014) Wijesinghe, G., 2014. Reimagining the application of sustainability to the hospitality industry through a virtue ethics framework.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,22(1), pp.31-49. (Wijesinghe 2014)

Managing Innovation at Nypro, Inc.

Table of Contents Introduction Nypro Inc.’s Competitive Edge Nypro’s strategy Knowledge management Strategy development Recommendation References Introduction Nypro Inc. is a plastic injection molding company which was established in 1955 as Nypro products cooperation and the performance of the company was average, similar to other companies in the plastic injection molding industry. Only when Gordon Lankton joined the company as general manager in 1962 did the company improve in performance and sales.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Managing Innovation at Nypro, Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nypro Inc.’s Competitive Edge In comparison to other companies, Nypro has numerous competitive advantages that have made the company unique. Nypro has fostered internal competition rather than external competition to perpetuate growth and innovation, basically this means that Nypro competes within its self rather than with other companies. The competition is also broad in its implementation beginning within each of the 21 Nypro plants. Employees in these plants are subdivided into teams, and these teams are assigned a similar project to work on (Voorheis 1998). Members of the most successful team are then rewarded through the stock program depending on their consistent performance. Additionally, aggressive competition has been nurtured between all of Nypro’s 21 plants to encourage innovation. Performance statistics are collected on a quarterly basis and the performance results of all plants are distributed to all plants. The successful procedures of the best plants are emphasized together with the failures of the plant that performed worst. This way, plants have the opportunity to learn from each other and implement successful procedures while avoiding errors committed by other plants. A good example is the Burlington North Carolina plant which used de dicated hoses to supply different viscous plastic to each machine reducing on impurities and cleaning costs; soon after, every Nypro plant was copying the innovation and using dedicated hoses (Voorheis 1998). Nypro’s strategy Nypro has been able to formulate an intricate yet successful strategy to govern how organizational procedures, manufacturing, sales and product developments are managed. The first step into crafting the strategy was the selection of prime locations for their plants. Plants are located in metropolitan environments where their products are readily accessible to clients. In addition, these plants specialize in the manufacturing of custom injection plastics that are of high demand in their locale. For example the plant in Illinois specializes in providing for the healthcare industry in northern Chicago while the Oregon plant serves the needs of Hewlett-Packard. The clientele base was also shrunk by focusing on corporate clients rather than individual clients . In reference to the internal organization of the plants, each plant had its own board of directors rather than a centralized form of leadership for all plants (Voorheis 1998).Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The board of directors is selected from different plants, with every member of the board coming from different departments of different plants. In so doing, the board is composed of a variety of individuals with vast experiences ranging in all aspects that pertain to the interests of Nypro (Clayton, 1999). In product development, development teams are set up comprising of Nypro engineers and the client firm’s engineers; the responsibility of these teams is to conceptualize the product and recommend cost effective processes for production. Once through, the development teams are disbanded and Continuous Improvement teams set in place to analyze manufac turing, procurement of materials and marketing. Once the product is released to the market, a business review committee is set up to follow up on the success of the product. Knowledge management Nypro has shown exceptional information and knowledge management, a strong reason to the success of this company. Even though they encourage internal friendly competition, vital information on successful processes and failed processes has to be shared. The quarterly performance reports was not enough to ensure the consistent flow of information and therefore the Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP2) software systems were integrated into Nypro to ensure there was proper knowledge management between all plants. The software provided a platform where all plants and their customers could communicate on the production planning of particular products and share data regarding different production models. Additionally, knowledge management can be demonstrated by the integration of different individ uals from diverse plants who are successful in various departments, to form a board of directors for each plant. It is therefore evident that a board of directors has a vast wealth of knowledge from a cross section of the company and they are responsible for propelling growth by incorporating their expertise (Voorheis 1998). Strategy development The de facto strategy at Nypro during its initial years was similar to other existing molding companies in that they focused on small scale customers such as individuals and small companies to supply them with custom injected plastics. However, with the introduction of the strategic planning process, Nypro took on large scale customers with demanding technologically progressive jobs. This approach saw the number of Nypro†s customers drop drastically but the remaining clients were large multi-national companies and as a consequence, the revenue per customer rose by more than 500%.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Managing Innovation at Nypro, Inc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the high demand that came with the customers also came the need for a larger workforce and new manufacturing technology. The de facto strategy can be considered as redundant in that it did not produce significant results or apply a different approach to production. In comparison, the strategic planning process was highly efficient and progressive and it led to the expansion of Nypro and the increase in revenue. Recommendation At the end of the case, it is recommend that Lankton also considers the manufacturing of custom injection plastics for individuals and small scale companies; this means that Lankton can expand on the current workforce to include a department for small-scale production to carter for these small scale companies (Clayton, 1999). This department can receive two NovaPlast molders and function effectively both in production and sales, be aring in mind the prime locations and goodwill the company has. References Clayton, M.C. (1999).Innovation and the general manager. California: rwin/McGraw-Hill. Voorheis, R. (1998). Managing Innovation at Nypro, Inc. (A). Harvard Business School Journal 9:696-061. This critical writing on Managing Innovation at Nypro, Inc. was written and submitted by user Mohammed Stark to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.